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CHRONOLOGY OF EXPEDITIONS TOWARDS THE NOTH-WEST
PASSAGE
| 1000 |
The Leif Eiriksson vikings from Greenland, set
up a colony in Newfoundland. |
| 1497 |
Sébastien Cabot reaches Newfoundland thinking
he is on the border with China ! |
| 1534 |
Jacques Cartier discovers the mouth of St-Laurent
and travels up the Labrador coast. |
| 1576 |
Martin Frobisher travels to what is now Baffin
Island. |
| 1585 |
John Davis sails allong the coast of the "Land
of Desolation" (Greenland). |
| 1607 |
Henry Hudson circumnavigates Spitsberg trying
to reach the Indis by the Pole. |
| 1610 |
Hudson renews this attempt and enters a sea that
he takes for the Pacific (Hudson bay). After a winter, he is
abandoned by his crew of mutineers. |
| 1616 |
William Baffin goes as far as the 78th parallel
North and discovers the Lancaster canal, necessary passage towards
the Canadian arctic archipelago. Ross -1818 : John Ross recognizes
the Lancaster Strait. His nephew James Clark Ross loactes the
magnetic North Pole in 1829. |
| 1819 |
Parry enters the Lancaster Strait and reaches
Melville Island. |
| 1819-1822 |
Franklin explores the shores of the arctic ocean
on foot and by canoe along a strech of nearly 10000 km. He returns
in 1825 then in 1845, but disappears with 130 men. |
| 1850 |
Search for the Franklin expedition, and discovery
of Passage by McClure. |
| 1903-1906 |
Roald Amundsen reaches the Passage on board the
Gjoä. |
| 1921-1924 |
Knud Rasmussen links Greenland to the Pacific
on a dog sled and motor dinghy. |
| 1973 |
Colin Irwin and his eskimo guide Napaseekadlak
leave Repulse Bay (Melville pennisula) to rejoin Barrow on a
dog sled and motor dinghy. |
| 1974-1976 |
The Japanese Naomi Uemurra repeats Rasmussen's
expedition in solo. |
| 1982 |
François Varigas, having left Frobisher Bay (Baffin
Island) reaches Dawson (Alaska) on a dog sled. |
| 1990-1993 |
The Spaniard Ramon Larramendi crosses the American
Arctic with 3 men in a kayak and dog sled, from Narsarssuaq
(Greenland) to Valdez (Alaska), 13 000 km. |
CHRONOLOGY OF EXPEDITIONS TOWARDS THE NORHT-EAST
PASSAGE
| 1596 |
Barents discovers Bear Island and Spitsberg. His
ship is crushed by ice flows off Novaya Zemlya. |
| 1648 |
Poyarkov and Dejnev, who discover the Berring
Strait, push towards the nord-east. |
| 1733-1746 |
Vitus Béring organises several expeditions and
cartographies the asiatic coastline of the glacial arctic ocean. |
| 1742 |
Tchéliouskine reaches Asias's north cape on dog
sled. |
| 1872-1874 |
The Austro-Hungarian vessel the Tegetthoff tried
to reach the Pole and then to rejoin the Pacific. Blocked by
the ice, the crew abandons the ship and rejoins Novaya Zemlya. |
| 1878-1880 |
The Suedish baron Nordenskjöld reaches the
Passage on board the Véga. |
| 1879-1882 |
Having left the Berring Strait, the Jeanette
commanded by De Long finds itself blocked in the ice of the
Tchouktches sea, drifts for two years and sinks off the New
Siberian archipelago. Three years later, a group of eskimos
from the South of Greenland discover remains from the ship thus
indicating a current from Sibéria towards Greenland,
across the Pole. |
| 1893-1896 |
Confident as a result of this experience, Nansen
tries to reach the Pole letting the Fram drift from the New
Siberian Islands. After two years, he leaves his ship to make
an attempt towards the north with a compagnon and three dog
sleds, but failing, manages to rejoin the archipelago François
Joseph and survives by hunting bears ans seals. |
| 1917 |
Amundsen,conqueror of the Nort-West passage,
crosses the North-East Passage on board the Maud, an exact replica
of Nansen's Fram. |
| 1991 |
l'Astrolabe, dirigée par Pierre Sauvadet, est
le premier navire étranger à franchir le Passage du Nord-Est
depuis 75 ans. |
| 1993 |
The Tanssibérring-Longines expedition,
organized by the ethnologist Boris Chichlo, crosses Siberai
in motor vehicles, from Nadym (mouth of the Ob) to the Bering
Strait. |
| 1993 |
Arwed Fuchs franchit le Passage du Nord-Est en
bateau. |
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